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鉴于传统稳态法在加热温度设定单一及忽略样品侧面散热方面的不足，本文改进了稳态法测量不良导体导热系数的实验方法。通过引入对流换热系数修正样品侧面散热误差，并对六组不同加热盘温度(60.0℃、65.0℃、70.0℃、75.0℃、80.0℃、85.0℃)进行测试，结果表明，通过对流换热系数法修正后，六组实验导热系数相对误差显著降低，最大降幅达21%。并确定了80.0℃为最优加热温度，此温度下修正后的导热系数为0.271W·m-1·K-1,相对误差低至3%。本文为提高导热系数测量精度提供了有效途径，有望推动大学物理实验中的导热系数实验教学方法的革新，也为工程实践提供有力的支持。
Abstract：Given the limitations of the traditional steady-state method, which involves setting a single heating temperature and neglecting heat dissipation from the sample's sides, an improved experimental method for measuring the thermal conductivity of poor conductors has been developed. By introducing the convective heat transfer coefficient to correct the error caused by heat dissipation from the sample's sides, and testing six different heating plate temperatures(60.0℃, 65.0℃, 70.0℃, 75.0℃, 80.0℃, 85.0℃), the results show that after correction using the convective heat transfer coefficient method, the relative error of the thermal conductivity for the six sets of experiments is significantly reduced, with a maximum decrease of 21%. It is determined that 80.0℃ is the optimal heating temperature, and the corrected thermal conductivity at this temperature is 0.271W·m-1·K-1, with a relative error as low as 3%. This provides an effective way to improve the measurement accuracy of thermal conductivity, which is expected to promote innovation in the teaching method of thermal conductivity experiments in university physics experiments and provide strong support for engineering practice.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:O551.3-4;G642.423
引用信息:
[1]孙志刚,焦天放,马泽林,等.稳态法测量不良导体导热系数实验方法的改进研究[J].物理与工程,2025,35(04):186-191+197.
基金信息:
华东理工大学2025年本科教育教学改革中重大项目-人工智能赋能(AI+)课程建设(教学方法创新-大学物理实验); 中石大克拉玛依校区引进人才启动项目基金(批准号：XQZX20240037); 中国石油大学(北京)克拉玛依校区2024年本科教育教学改革一般项目-信息化技术与实践结合的《大学物理实验》教学模式的探索(JG2024048)资助
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